I agree with the mark that I have been given by my peer assessed. This is due to reading through the mark scheme.
Wednesday, 13 December 2017
LO3: Peer Assessment
I agree with the mark that I have been given by my peer assessed. This is due to reading through the mark scheme.
Wednesday, 6 December 2017
Active Audience Theory
Passive Audience - The media has a negative effect on different groups of people
Active Audience - Most people are able to filter the content themselves
Other school of thought - we are able to filter and adapt to content in the media
Gaulenlett - 1995 - The passive audience theory is a backwards model
We have uses and graduations (McQuail - 1972) theory - people use edia for their own purposes and pleasure. It is for their own enjoyment to have escapism and problem solving.
example - don't watch Hollyoaks to learn certain things like rape we watch it to talk to our friends about it
Active audience theory provides a more positive outlook in the effects of the media
Hall (1980) - encoding / decoding model.
Media products have encoded to d
Preferred reading - by audience depending on their background but accepts the dominant viewpoint
Negotiated reading - particularly agrees with meaning
Oppositional reading - meaning understood but don't agree and think the opposite
Aberant - gets the completely wrong meaning entirely (copycat theory)
Audiences from their own background could have the aberrant reading due to their upbringing. Most people are the preferred reading or negotiated reading.
Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat is a moral panic particularly on young people- Addiction (antisocial media), Stalking and obsession with another person becomes the norm, Obsession and unhealthy relationships become a problem, unrealistic body images and expectations for bodies, highly edited images, nudes and explicit images, cat fishing, pedophilia and grooming.
http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/24/health/teen-dating-abuse-thatsnotlove-one-love-foundation/index.html
"Identify the potential impact of a media product you have studied on the audience"
Active Audience - Most people are able to filter the content themselves
Other school of thought - we are able to filter and adapt to content in the media
Gaulenlett - 1995 - The passive audience theory is a backwards model
We have uses and graduations (McQuail - 1972) theory - people use edia for their own purposes and pleasure. It is for their own enjoyment to have escapism and problem solving.
example - don't watch Hollyoaks to learn certain things like rape we watch it to talk to our friends about it
Active audience theory provides a more positive outlook in the effects of the media
Hall (1980) - encoding / decoding model.
Media products have encoded to d
Preferred reading - by audience depending on their background but accepts the dominant viewpoint
Negotiated reading - particularly agrees with meaning
Oppositional reading - meaning understood but don't agree and think the opposite
Aberant - gets the completely wrong meaning entirely (copycat theory)
Audiences from their own background could have the aberrant reading due to their upbringing. Most people are the preferred reading or negotiated reading.
Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat is a moral panic particularly on young people- Addiction (antisocial media), Stalking and obsession with another person becomes the norm, Obsession and unhealthy relationships become a problem, unrealistic body images and expectations for bodies, highly edited images, nudes and explicit images, cat fishing, pedophilia and grooming.
http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/24/health/teen-dating-abuse-thatsnotlove-one-love-foundation/index.html
"Identify the potential impact of a media product you have studied on the audience"
LO6: Negative Representation of Ethnicity Media Effects
Alvarado (1987) and Hall (1995) - Ethnicity, "exotic, dangerous, humorous, pities"
Turton (2014) - hooligans, trouble causers, black and Asian boys
Lloyd (1995) girls as "double deviant" - trouble causers but shouldn't be because they are "women"
Blurred Lines - Robin Thicke
Robin Thicke's song blurred lines sexualises women in the song and it is about unconsented sex. This could degrade women and have a negative impact on them.
http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/robin-thickes-number-one-single-blurred-lines-accused-of-reinforcing-rape-myths-8667199.html\
Turton (2014) - hooligans, trouble causers, black and Asian boys
Lloyd (1995) girls as "double deviant" - trouble causers but shouldn't be because they are "women"
Blurred Lines - Robin Thicke
Robin Thicke's song blurred lines sexualises women in the song and it is about unconsented sex. This could degrade women and have a negative impact on them.
http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/robin-thickes-number-one-single-blurred-lines-accused-of-reinforcing-rape-myths-8667199.html\
LO6: Media Effects Summary
Media Products that could create Moral Panic
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For the target audience of men, women are sexualised and shown to be skinny with large breasts. This has a negative effect on how women will think of themselves and view themselves as they may feel undesirable if their body does not match that that has been portrayed in the media. Unachievable body images may cause women to want to have plastic surgery in order to create this perfect self image, however then they may be looked down upon by men due to doing this. The sexualisation of women in the media may also lower women's views of themselves and make them think that they are only useful for sex and feel objectified by the way that they have been portrayed. Male Gaze
- Film
- Newspapers
- Video Games
- Music
Passive Audience Theory - Supported by the rise in advertising
Mass media and moral panics - Stanley Cohen
Hypodermic Syringe
"Copy Cat" acts - When people are said to be so heavily influenced they will carry out violent acts
Moral Panic at the moment about the way on which certain media products and how they can have a negative impact on body image and gender roles
Magazines have a negative impact on body image and gender roles
Women's magazines - women and sex are viewed as objects
For the target audience of men, women are sexualised and shown to be skinny with large breasts. This has a negative effect on how women will think of themselves and view themselves as they may feel undesirable if their body does not match that that has been portrayed in the media. Unachievable body images may cause women to want to have plastic surgery in order to create this perfect self image, however then they may be looked down upon by men due to doing this. The sexualisation of women in the media may also lower women's views of themselves and make them think that they are only useful for sex and feel objectified by the way that they have been portrayed. Male Gaze
Women in magazines have direct gaze to the audience. The women on the front cover of the magazine are shown to be in a similar pose to that of the one on the front of nuts magazine. This shows that she is an ideal self to women buying the magazines.
Wednesday, 29 November 2017
LO6: Media Effects and Regulations
https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2008/jul/31/isthedarkknightsuitablefo
The main point of view in the article is that the film the Dark Night is not suitable for the age certificate that it has been given due to there being things that are included such as lots of violence. It suggested that a 12a isn't suitable for the age rating as anyone that is under 12 can see the film with parental guidance. The film is quite graphic so therefore it would be more appropriate to be rated as a 15.
Passive Audience Theory
Hypodermic syringe - implies that.media has a negative impact. Mass audience believe everything the tthey see/hear. (Adorno and Horkheimer)
In the 1940s-50s the mass media were perceives as extreme influence towards audiences adapted behaviour. This was linked to the rise of advertising and consumerism.
The model doesn't hold much positivity for the audience, however it is a good method for media producers, politicians and also towards the use of marketing. There must be some truth in the fact that the media influences, political bias newspapers will influence decisions.
In 1956 Vince Packard looked at the relationship between advertising and media effects in his book "hidden Persuaders" .
He believed the media were conditioning people to want products and services with he top consumerism. If they are influences by this then they will be influences by graphic scenes.
Moral Panic
When the "mass media" demonise groups, people or products that they believe become a threat to society, values and interested it is called a "moral panic" (Stanley Cpjrmm, 1972) This was in the press and was about influences from music because of the fighting. People has picked up from the press.
The group / prodders are referred to as "folk devils".
Anderson (2007) that high exposture to fast paced violent fames can lead to changes in brain funcition when processing violent images, including dampening of emotional responses to violence. One of the high risk factors?
Ferguson (2012) showed no long term link over threes years
Desensitisation - cultivation theory, being cultivated by violent images
Over the years we have been more encourages to see violent images.
https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/las-vegas-shooting-hollywood-criticized-gun-violence-top-films-1047285
The song "send it" by Austin Mahone is a song that could be said to be contrevertial. The song is aimed at a female audience of teenagers and could have a negative impact on the audience due to the messages that can be found in the song. The main lyrics that are repeated throguhout are "send it" which is referencing to a girl sending sexual images of herself through social media or messages.
The main point of view in the article is that the film the Dark Night is not suitable for the age certificate that it has been given due to there being things that are included such as lots of violence. It suggested that a 12a isn't suitable for the age rating as anyone that is under 12 can see the film with parental guidance. The film is quite graphic so therefore it would be more appropriate to be rated as a 15.
Passive Audience Theory
Hypodermic syringe - implies that.media has a negative impact. Mass audience believe everything the tthey see/hear. (Adorno and Horkheimer)
In the 1940s-50s the mass media were perceives as extreme influence towards audiences adapted behaviour. This was linked to the rise of advertising and consumerism.
The model doesn't hold much positivity for the audience, however it is a good method for media producers, politicians and also towards the use of marketing. There must be some truth in the fact that the media influences, political bias newspapers will influence decisions.
In 1956 Vince Packard looked at the relationship between advertising and media effects in his book "hidden Persuaders" .
He believed the media were conditioning people to want products and services with he top consumerism. If they are influences by this then they will be influences by graphic scenes.
Moral Panic
When the "mass media" demonise groups, people or products that they believe become a threat to society, values and interested it is called a "moral panic" (Stanley Cpjrmm, 1972) This was in the press and was about influences from music because of the fighting. People has picked up from the press.
The group / prodders are referred to as "folk devils".
Anderson (2007) that high exposture to fast paced violent fames can lead to changes in brain funcition when processing violent images, including dampening of emotional responses to violence. One of the high risk factors?
Ferguson (2012) showed no long term link over threes years
Desensitisation - cultivation theory, being cultivated by violent images
Over the years we have been more encourages to see violent images.
https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/las-vegas-shooting-hollywood-criticized-gun-violence-top-films-1047285
The song "send it" by Austin Mahone is a song that could be said to be contrevertial. The song is aimed at a female audience of teenagers and could have a negative impact on the audience due to the messages that can be found in the song. The main lyrics that are repeated throguhout are "send it" which is referencing to a girl sending sexual images of herself through social media or messages.
Wednesday, 22 November 2017
BLUE PLANET 2
Gender: 60-40 (male-female)
Ethnicity: White British
ABC1: 60-40
The age group is a lot more educated than the younger demographic and may have grown up with David Attemborogh so would want to wath the program. The ethnicity and subject topics are those that are more enjoyable to the audience of white british. They are more educated and threfore are in the ABC1 class, these have higher income and therefore will want to be educated.
Key Theory - Denis McQuail (1972)
These are called "audience pleasures" this is what makes an audience consume a particular product
- Escapism - escape from reality (film)
- Survellance - find out information (newspaper)
- Building personal relationships - create conversations and discussions with others (soap opera)
- Create your own personal identity (magazine)
Escapism is the tendency to seek distraction and relief from unpleasant realities, especially by seeking entertainment or engaging in fantasy. This is something that can audiences can feel through film. A film that makes an audience feel this is Alice in Wonderland by Tim Burton. This is a fantasy film which shows a world which is mysterious and different to the one that we live in, this allows the audience to escape form the real world into a fantasy land in the film. The use of weird and wonderful characters such as the caterpillar will create this escapist effect.
Im a celebrity is a television programme that builds personal relationships due to it causing people such as friends to talk and discuss the eliminations of celebrities on the programme. It creates a talking point between people and leads to them discussing the programme and keeping up with the episodes. The demographic of this program is mainly 16-30 year olds of a mixed gender, ratio 60:40 (female:male). The NRS class of the views of Im a Celebrity is mixed ABC1 and C2DE due to the celebrities that are on the
Im a celebrity is a television programme that builds personal relationships due to it causing people such as friends to talk and discuss the eliminations of celebrities on the programme. It creates a talking point between people and leads to them discussing the programme and keeping up with the episodes. The demographic of this program is mainly 16-30 year olds of a mixed gender, ratio 60:40 (female:male). The NRS class of the views of Im a Celebrity is mixed ABC1 and C2DE due to the celebrities that are on the
LO3: Theories of Representation
Male gaze - Laura Mulvey
Women are objects of male pleasure
Hypermasculinity - McConnell (1995)
Media texts show a hypermasculinity
Re-presentation - How the media shows us things.
Key Theory 1- Tim O'Sullivan et al (1998)
For representations to work, there has to be a shared recognition go people and places. All representations therefore have ideologies behind them. Ideologies refers to a set go ideas which produces a partial and selective view in reality.
In High School Musical 2 there is the view of reality that is everyone goes around singing and dancing all the time
Key Theory 2- Laura Mulbey (1975)
Male gaze. Wome are objectified in media texts and passive objects. Audiences are positioned to view the women from the point of view of a heterosexual male.
In my film there is male gaze as the women in it wear short dresses and are pretty.
Key Theory 3 - Stuart Hall (1995)
Western / White cultures continue to misrepresent ethnic minorities as in the media due to underlying racist tendencies. e.g. non-white as "the other", evil, barbaric, pitied, humoured.
Chad and Taylor are together and they are the only black people in the film .They aren't very key parts in the film and the white people are. This does not show a progressive representation that theres
Key Theory 4- Earp and Katz (1999)
Men are often represented as having tendencies of pathological control and violence.
Key Theory 5- Edward Said
Eastern cultures represented as something bad
Key Theory 6- John Berger
Women are objects of male pleasure
Hypermasculinity - McConnell (1995)
Media texts show a hypermasculinity
Re-presentation - How the media shows us things.
Key Theory 1- Tim O'Sullivan et al (1998)
For representations to work, there has to be a shared recognition go people and places. All representations therefore have ideologies behind them. Ideologies refers to a set go ideas which produces a partial and selective view in reality.
In High School Musical 2 there is the view of reality that is everyone goes around singing and dancing all the time
Key Theory 2- Laura Mulbey (1975)
Male gaze. Wome are objectified in media texts and passive objects. Audiences are positioned to view the women from the point of view of a heterosexual male.
In my film there is male gaze as the women in it wear short dresses and are pretty.
Key Theory 3 - Stuart Hall (1995)
Western / White cultures continue to misrepresent ethnic minorities as in the media due to underlying racist tendencies. e.g. non-white as "the other", evil, barbaric, pitied, humoured.
Chad and Taylor are together and they are the only black people in the film .They aren't very key parts in the film and the white people are. This does not show a progressive representation that theres
Key Theory 4- Earp and Katz (1999)
Men are often represented as having tendencies of pathological control and violence.
Key Theory 5- Edward Said
Eastern cultures represented as something bad
Key Theory 6- John Berger
Wednesday, 8 November 2017
LO5 : Data Analysis
Similcasting - Simultaneous Broadcasting
- Broadcasted to radio but also online
Streaming
- Timeshifting
- Downloaded onto hard-drive
Downloading
- VOD
- Timeshifting - not wathcing when traditionally broadcast
- Online viewing
NRS - National Readership Survey
- Print - magazines, newspapers and e-editions
RAJAR - Radio Joint Audience Research
- Likes and dislikes of radio
- DAB
- Analogue
BARB - Broadcasters Audience Research Board
TV- Online TV
- Film on TV
- VOD (Video on Demand)
- Works with both comerciall
The NRS uses different companies to conduct audience research.
LO3: Sound microelement
Diegesis is the "story world" or the world of the narrative - known as the Diegetic World
Verisimilitude us how real something appears
La La Land is set in Los Angeles in the modern day. (time and place of diegetic world)
La La Land Restaurant scene - added background sound (includes wild track)
Verisimilitude us how real something appears
La La Land is set in Los Angeles in the modern day. (time and place of diegetic world)
- Diegetic sound is sound that appears as though it is coming from within the story go the film, video game or tv program.
- Dialogue - tone, accent, dialect (words that are used that are associated with a particular region) (represents people)
- Sound effects (including foley sound) - off screen sounds - WILD TRACK - sound gathered on location
- Foley artist creates sound effects - for health and safety reasons the sounds are made in the studio
- Offscreen sound, when you hear something that you don't actually see on the screen - adds to the digestive feel
- Wild track - sound that is recorded when filming is not taking place - creates atmosphere & reinforce verisimilitude
La La Land Restaurant scene - added background sound (includes wild track)
- Non-Diegetic sound - Sound that is clear not coming from within the story world
- Incidental music - mood music (car chase - fast paced music, romantic movie - slow paced music) music that has been made or a famous piece of music
- Sound motif - sound badge
- Non-Digetic sound effects
- Radio, tv, band -
The city of stars song is a sound motif as well as non diegetic sound
Thursday, 2 November 2017
Mass V Niche
Mass V Niche
A mass audience is when a product is aimed at a large group of people. This also means that the product has a larger budget due to it being aimed at a wider range of people.
A niche audience is when a product is only aimed at a small group of people. This means that the product has a smaller budget and is something specialist or specific that will only appeal to a small amount of people.
A film that will appeal to a mass audience is Toy Story. This is made by the company Pixar which is owned by Walt Disney Studios which is a large conglomerate. This means that the films that they create can appeal to a larger range of people as a lot more people already know about the company and the type of films that they make. Also there can be advertising across lots of different platforms due to it being a cross media company.
A mass audience is when a product is aimed at a large group of people. This also means that the product has a larger budget due to it being aimed at a wider range of people.
A niche audience is when a product is only aimed at a small group of people. This means that the product has a smaller budget and is something specialist or specific that will only appeal to a small amount of people.
A film that will appeal to a mass audience is Toy Story. This is made by the company Pixar which is owned by Walt Disney Studios which is a large conglomerate. This means that the films that they create can appeal to a larger range of people as a lot more people already know about the company and the type of films that they make. Also there can be advertising across lots of different platforms due to it being a cross media company.
Wednesday, 1 November 2017
Intro
Tell me what product you are studying, who the audience is and that you are going to discuss genre theory.
Main Body
Then FIVE paragraphs that state whether your product supports or goes against the theories.
e.g. Barry Keith Grant (1995) suggests that all genres have sub genres. I agree with this based on my product because….
You should support or go against the theory using examples from mise-en-scene and camerawork studied so far.
Conclusion
I have therefore shown how genre is used to attract audiences and create meaning.
Wednesday, 25 October 2017
The product I am studying is the film "La La Land". The plot of this is that the two main characters are drawn to be together as they have a desire of being connected by the things that they love. They are both faced with decisions that they need to make and this it’s a tear in their relationship. Sebastian joins a band and Mia trying to become a successful actress. Years later we find out the decisions that they made before and realised Mia and Sebastian aren't together anymore however there is a feeling that they still have some love for each other and wish that they were.
The film is aimed at couples. Alex is 28 and Charlotte is 32. They enjoy going on dates to the cinema and dining out. They have stressful lives at work and like to take some downtime by watching films and relaxing together. Alex works as an accountant and has a hard time at work with a lot of clients to work with. Charlotte is a teacher in a secondary school and works with older children, she enjoys her job like Alex, it can be stressful at times. Both of them enjoy jazz music and candlelit dinners, but also having adventures like going on walks in the countryside and travelling.
LO3: Narrative Theory
Flash back/ montage - none continuity editing technique (none-linear and breaks reality)
Story - a sequence of events, the plot
Narrative - the techniques used to tell the story, how the story is structured.
- Claude Levi-Strauss - Binary-Opposition (Good vs Evil)
- Todorov - Progress of a traditional story (19770
Narratology - to study a text through relative theory
Practice questions - (marked for SPAG)
"Analyse how the production techniques are used to create meaning in a media product you have studied" (12 marks)
"Analyse the concepts of 'narrative' in a media product you have studied" (12 marks)
The product I am studying is the film "La La Land". The plot of this is that the two main characters are drawn to be together as they have a desire of being connected by the things that they love. They are both faced with decisions that they need to make and this its a tear in their relationship. Sebastian joins a band and Mia trying to become a successful actress. Years later we find out the decisions that they made before and realised Mia and Sebastian aren't together anymore however there is a feeling that they still have some love for each other and wish that they were.
Key Theory 1 - Tim O'Sullivan et al (1998)
All media texts tell us some kind of story. Through careful mediation, media texts offer a way of telling stories about ourselves ( as a culture) through ideologies. These are the beliefs, values and ideals of people which are nailed into us through film and media.
Wider meanings of the texts are that you have to choose between love and doing the things that they love. There are ideologies of needing to make money to be successful.
Key Theory 2 - Pam Cook (1985)
The standard Hollywood narrative structure should have:
- Linearity go cause and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma resolution - The actual narrative structure will solve any problems
- A high degree of narrative closure - No clues or puzzles to things that wasn't resolved
- a fictional world that contains verisimilitude (illusion of realism) especially governed by spatial and temporal coherence (governed by realistic space and time laws)
There is the enigma of how theres a struggle between trying to balance being in love and trying to carry on pursuing and striving for their goal or career that they want. This is then solved as they both manage to pursue what they love, Mia becomes an actress and Sebastian wanting to open his own jazz club but ends up joining a jazzz band but they end up not being together and getting married to someone else.
Key Theory 3 - Tzetan Todorov (1977)
Stage 1 - a point of stable equilibrium
Stage 2- the stability is disrupted by some kind of force, which creates a state go disequilibrium
stage 3 - Action directed against the distortion
Stage 4 - Restoration of a state of new equilibrium
Mia and Sebastian meet and start to fall for each other. There dreams and aspirations get in the way of their love together. They bother decide to pursue what they love and become successful. Mia ends up with a different partner.
Key Theory 4 - Claude Levi-Strauss (1958)
Binary oppositions - good vs evil, rich vs poor, men vs women, love vs hate
There is the binary opposition of love vs hate and both Mia and Sebastian act as if they hate each other at first however both begin to fall in love with eachother.
Also there is rich vs poor as at the beginning both the characters are struggling with money however in the end Mia is a successful actress and is very rich.
Key Theory 5 - Vladimir Propp (1928)
All narratives feature stock characters and that audiences understand stories because of such features
- Villan / Antagonist
- Hero / Protagonist
- Helper / supporter (sidekick)
- Princess (the prize for the hero - not necessarily a person) one that is rescued / saved / helped
The dream careers are the princess for Mia and Sebastian because this is what both the people are striving to do and want.
Key Theory 5 - Roland Barthes (1977)
Narrative codes:
Enigma codes - work to keep up setting problems or puzzles for the audience
Action codes - work to inform the audience. in terms of what is happening in the next shot/scene (always a closeup insert shot edit)
The enigma codes in La La Land is how
Action codes
Camera work and editing techniques
Thursday, 19 October 2017
Holmes HW
The company, Cactus TV, was founded in 1994 by Simon Ross and his wife Amanda Ross. Cactus TV specializes in a broad range of entertainment features and chat shows. Many of its productions are based around Amanda Ross’ passion for things such as cookery and books along with big scale entertainment shows. Cactus TV has so far produced 37 distinct titles in the UK, these were for 9 different channels including ITV and Channel 4. They are renowned for providing outstanding programming to all of the British major broadcaster and were ranked the third biggest supplier to the BBC in 2017’s Broadcast Independent Survey. They have also provided over 210 hours of original content for ITV meaning that they were ranked ITV’s fourth biggest supplier. Cactus TV have also produced the British Soap Awards which is the the highest rated entertainment show on ITV for three years running. Richard and Judy, which was one of Channel 4’s biggest ever commissions, was made daily by Cactus TV for over 8 years. One of the BBC’s most recognizable and hugely popular shows was the live cooking show, Saturday Kitchen Live. This was created by Cactus TV and has even has spin-offs such as the Sunday morning show, Saturday Kitchen Best Bites. The Saturday Kitchen Brand has eve expanded further to include Kitchen Garden ve with the likes of the Hairy Bikers. Cactus TV was under the ALL3Media umbrella however left this in 2012. Due to the culinary routes of some of the shows, Amanda Ross has opened the Cactus Kitchen Cookery School in partnership with Michel Roux Jr. Cactus TV has an unrivaled reputation within the industry due to pioneering advertiser-funded content and programming. Over the last 10 years Amanda has broken record-breaking TV deals with major UK brands which include Galaxy and Specsavers. Cactus TV creates programs aimed at different target audience however most of the programs they create are family friendly. Most of the programs they create are for entertainment, this even includes programs which are more educational.
Wednesday, 18 October 2017
Wednesday, 4 October 2017
LO2 : Recap Test
"Explain two ways products are advertised to audiences in digital age. Use examples to suport your answer."
In the digital age, products are advertised using social media. This is a type of below the line advertising, this means that it is down to individuals. Social media campaigns can be successful due to people being on their smartphones in todays society and checking social media regulally. An example of a product that is advertised on social media is the film "everything, everything", there are lots of trailer ads shown on social media platforms such as instagram and facebook. Another way that products are advertised are film trailers as these are a form of above the line advertising. This form of advertising is shown to a large audience due to film trai;ers being shown before films at the inema, before films on DVD and also shown on social media. The trailers give a snippit of some of the interesting parts of an up and coming film which will make people want to watch it.
Identify three channels of distribution that are considered successful in digital age in terms of products reaching audience. Justify your answer.
Video on demand services are one channel of distribution. This is intregrated into things like Netflix because it is a service that provides many different programs and films on demand. This means that people can view films that they might not nececerally know about or entitled to watch as they come up in the suggested section so that reaches a wider audience. Another channel of distribution is TV, this is done by adverts in between programs. These are repetative and mean that ideas get put into a person head so that they are more likely to buy the product. One other channel of distribution that is successful in the digital age is social media. This is effective for products to reach audiences as so many people use social media nowerdays so therefore it will reach a range
* LO3 : Genre
Media companies like to use the same genres as it helps the company create profit as the audience knows what to expect.
Key Theory - Barry Keith Grant (1995)
All genres have subgenres which is a genre within a genre.
Key Theory - Rick Altman (1999)
Genre offers pleasure
Key theory - Patrick Phillips
Genre offeres audiences comfortable reassurance. Genres fulfil audience expectations by following predictable patterns - we know what to expect from a text.
Key theory - Branston and Stafford (1999)
Genres:
The audience will see the antagonist as this is a character who could be seen as a "damsel in distress".
Dutch or Canted angle
Key Theory - Barry Keith Grant (1995)
All genres have subgenres which is a genre within a genre.
Key Theory - Rick Altman (1999)
Genre offers pleasure
- Emotional Pleasures- happy, sad, nostalgic
- Visceral Pleasure- "gut" responses (physical feelings), excitement, fear, laughter
- Intellectual Puzzles- Makes the audience think and want to solve the enigma
Key theory - Patrick Phillips
Genre offeres audiences comfortable reassurance. Genres fulfil audience expectations by following predictable patterns - we know what to expect from a text.
Key theory - Branston and Stafford (1999)
Genres:
- Help to minimise risk and predict expenditure
- Are a blueprint to success
- Genre conventions also make it easier to market and sell products
Key Theory- David Bordwell (1989)
Any theme may appear in any genre
- Theme - the ideas, ideaologies, concepts, "myths" that are encoded into a media text.
The Girl on the Train
The film is in the genre of thriller. The subgenre of this is psychological thriller. This can be seen through the use of:
The film is in the genre of thriller. The subgenre of this is psychological thriller. This can be seen through the use of:
Girl on the train has themes of:
- Motherhood
- Mental illness- alcoholism
- Betrayal
The purpose of camerawork:
- Involve the audiencee in the scene/narrative
- Create spectacle (excitement)
Camera work is divided into:
- Shot types
- Camera movement
- Camera angles
 |
| Medium long shot- Show the character and their key props |
 |
| Wide shot/ long shot (WS/LS)- see characters on their key locations |
 |
| Extreme long shot- used to show a character in a location before an enigma. |
 |
| Medium close up- Draws attention to key character. Uses a narrow depth of field |
 |
| Extreme close-up - Gives the audience key information about the narrative or story and helps them solve an enigma. Also used to show fear |
 |
| Two Shot- shows the relationship between two characters |
 |
| Crowd Shot- To show the relationships between different characters |
 |
| Close Up (CU) - The connotations of this shot type are to show emotions of the main characters feeling |
 |
| Enabling Shot- |
Connotations of a low angle shot-
- Strength
- dominance
- power
The audience will see the protagonist when this angle of shot is used as this is the good character or the main character
Connotations of a high angle shot-
- subordinate
- vulnerable
The audience will see the antagonist as this is a character who could be seen as a "damsel in distress".
Dutch or Canted angle
- Unease
- Disorientation
- Add to the spectacle and action
Camera movement is one of the most important ways for a director to create spectacle for an audience
Tracking shot
paling movement- camera movement from left to right or visa versa. Also used to create a sense of movement or action too.
Tilt shot
This is where the camera moves or sweeps up or down. This is used to exaggerate movement/action and create spectacle.
Tracking shot
This is where the camera follows the subject on a dolly or track. This is to exaggerate movement/action and create spectacle (running/car race).
LO3 :
Meaning or macro ideas and elements are made up of micro elements. Codes and conventions are the "ingredients" that make up a specific genre of a product.
Technical conventions that we call micro elements fall into four areas for audio-visual products.
Mise-en-scene - Everything in the shot
Camerawork techniques
Editing techniques
Sound
Technical conventions that we call micro elements fall into four areas for audio-visual products.
Mise-en-scene - Everything in the shot
Camerawork techniques
Editing techniques
Sound
- Scientific things
- Technology - iconography (things in the background that represent a certain place or time period)
- death - fire colour
- Wearing boiler suits with face masks- lycra so they can move quickly
- different locations - set in space
- night and day shifts -night signifies danger
- special effects - explosions
- sad music with a voiceover - eerie
- High tech lighting
- medical rooms & tables
Genre os a critical tool that helps us to duty texts and audience responses to texts by dividing them into categories based on common elements. These common elements are called generic conventions/ characteristics/ elements or tropes.
All genres have subgenres which is a genre within a genre.
All genres have subgenres which is a genre within a genre.
LO2 : Key Terms
Technological convergence - The coming together of media technologies to provide new services for the audience e.g the creation of smartphones (phone, internet, apps, camera, microphone, telephone, bluetooth, touchscreen, computer, wifi)
Synergy - When a company cross promotes across different media products to maximise the success of a product
Cross Media Ownership - When a company owns a range of media sectors
Black Box Devices - Smartphone or sky box. Convergence culture - Henry Jenkins 2006.
Technological convergence has changed how advertising by allowing advertisers to advertise on a range of different platforms like social media instead of just using traditional platforms like print and television advertising.
Above the line advertising - any advertising that reaches a mass audience whether it is digital or traditional. These are the likes of TV adverts, billboards, magazine and film trailers.
Below the line advertising - advertising that targets individuals. This could be things such as flyers, social media, popup ads and emails.
Timeshifting - watching TV at different times due to on demand services. Traditional TV is still set to a time schedule.
Synergy - When a company cross promotes across different media products to maximise the success of a product
Cross Media Ownership - When a company owns a range of media sectors
Black Box Devices - Smartphone or sky box. Convergence culture - Henry Jenkins 2006.
Technological convergence has changed how advertising by allowing advertisers to advertise on a range of different platforms like social media instead of just using traditional platforms like print and television advertising.
Above the line advertising - any advertising that reaches a mass audience whether it is digital or traditional. These are the likes of TV adverts, billboards, magazine and film trailers.
Below the line advertising - advertising that targets individuals. This could be things such as flyers, social media, popup ads and emails.
Timeshifting - watching TV at different times due to on demand services. Traditional TV is still set to a time schedule.
Wednesday, 27 September 2017
LO2 : Starter Task
Three methods of traditional advertising
- TV adverts
- Newspaper adverts
- Film trailers
The benefit of digital and online technology in terms of advertising a product
- Web reaches a mass audience
- Audience can share market it - Viral marketing
Thursday, 21 September 2017
Wednesday, 20 September 2017
LO2: Traditional Media
What are the traditional media sectors?
Traditional media sectors -
Traditional media sectors -
- Print (newspaper / magazine)
- Radio
- TV
- Film
- Video games
How were traditional media advertised?
Newspapers -
- Other print media products
- Billboards
- Television
- Film
Radio -
- Ad in newspapers
- Radio
- Billboards
- Bus billboards (local radio)
- NOT television as direct competition
Television -
- Billboards
- Ads on tv
- Newspapers
- Radio
- Magazines
Film -
- Newspaper
- Joint ventures (merchandise & sponsorship deals)
- Television
- Billboards
- Cinematic trailers
- Radio (interviews)
- Magazine (reviews)
- Bus billboards
Video games -
- Televison
- Billboards
- Magazines (specialist genre)
- Reviews
Music - (bands/artists/singles/albums)
- Flyers
- Radio
- Television (MTV)
- Billboards
- Newspapers
- Magazines (Select, Q, Kerrang!, Top of the Pops, Melody Maker)
- Merchandise and Sponsorship endorsements
How are traditional media products advertised digitally?
There is a lot of audience participation in digital advertising
Print - Cosmopolitan magazine
The cosmopolitan uses Snapchat stories in order to advertise to people to buy the magazine. By putting stories on Snapchat and other social media it gives people a taster of what the magazine is like so that they will want to buy it in the future. Cosmopolitan also has a YouTube channel which includes many videos with celebrities, this helps to advertise the magazine as it is another way that people can access the brand and if they enjoy the content shown they will more likely to buy the magazine. The YouTube channel also helps to raise the profile of the brand more. Cosmopolitan also have many other different social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest and Instagram, these all have the same aims which are to promote the brand and give people a preview of the content so that they will want to go out and buy the magazine for themselves.
BBC Radio has many different stations. A lot of their advertising is through the BBC and all of the different parts of the conglomerate. There is advertising for BBC Radio on the BBC website due to the BBC being a large conglomerate company so they have different platforms that they can advertise on. The different Radio stations are advertised by having a section with a direct link to the radio page on the website. This is shown right at the top and is quite central which means that peoples eyes are drawn to it straight away. This is a good advertising technique as it could interest people who visit the website for a different reason. On their radio shows there are adverts for the different stations that could be tuned into, this means that people are diverted to listening to a variety of their content and due to radio being played mainly in cars, the different people in the car could decide to tune into a different station during the next trip they take. BBC Radio are also on many different social media platforms, this means that they create more of a brand for themselves and become more trusted with the public. This means more people will decide to listen to their stations as they are reliable and will give out accurate information when it comes to things such as the news channels. The BBC can use their other media such as their news platform or social media to advertise their radio. There has been a recent article released which has named the greatest BBC Radio presenters, articles like this can help to advertise as it could make people start to listen to the BBC Radio channels instead of other radio stations in order to hear the best presenters for themselves. They also have BBC iPlayer where people can tune in to the radio on laptops and phones, this also has features such as "5 Live In Short" which is a shortened version of the radio show. This gives people a taster of the content so that they are more likely to tune into the full show.
The Emoji Movie is a Sony Picture Animation. They used many different types of advertising in order to get people to want to watch the film. The Emoji Movie had a range of toys that were free of charge in a McDonald's Happy Meal. This was a good form of advertising for the movie due to the target audience of the film being children, this is the age that Happy Meals are aimed at. By The Emoji Movie having the joint venture with McDonald's it would mean that children would be enticed to watch the film due to the toys and boxes being themed around the film, encouraging the kids to want to go and see it. It is also good for McDonald's as people who have already gone and seen the film may choose to go and buy their product due to there being toys based on the movie included in what they were selling. Another way in which the Emoji Movie advertised was through cinematic trailers, these are trailers that are shown in the cinema before a film of the same age certificate is shown. This means that the advert would be exposed to people of the age that the film is aimed at and therefore makes it more likely for people to go and see the film. The trailers show people a preview of what is in store for the film, this will make people want to go and actually see the movie due to them having and idea what it is about and wanting to find out the plot and the story for themselves. The film also included the voices of many celebrities such as James Corden and T.J.Miller. These stars did an interview about the movie which was a form of advertising as the celebrities tell the reasons why they wanted to be in the movie. By them doing this it makes people think that if the film is good enough for a celebrity to star in then it must be a good film to go and watch.
Video games - GTA V
There is a lot of audience participation in digital advertising
Print - Cosmopolitan magazine
- Social Media (Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter)
- Apps
- Digital billboards
- Websites
The cosmopolitan uses Snapchat stories in order to advertise to people to buy the magazine. By putting stories on Snapchat and other social media it gives people a taster of what the magazine is like so that they will want to buy it in the future. Cosmopolitan also has a YouTube channel which includes many videos with celebrities, this helps to advertise the magazine as it is another way that people can access the brand and if they enjoy the content shown they will more likely to buy the magazine. The YouTube channel also helps to raise the profile of the brand more. Cosmopolitan also have many other different social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest and Instagram, these all have the same aims which are to promote the brand and give people a preview of the content so that they will want to go out and buy the magazine for themselves.
Radio - BBC Radio
- BBC Website
- Radio
- TV adverts
- Digital Billboards
- Newspaper
- Social media (Twitter, Facebook)
BBC Radio has many different stations. A lot of their advertising is through the BBC and all of the different parts of the conglomerate. There is advertising for BBC Radio on the BBC website due to the BBC being a large conglomerate company so they have different platforms that they can advertise on. The different Radio stations are advertised by having a section with a direct link to the radio page on the website. This is shown right at the top and is quite central which means that peoples eyes are drawn to it straight away. This is a good advertising technique as it could interest people who visit the website for a different reason. On their radio shows there are adverts for the different stations that could be tuned into, this means that people are diverted to listening to a variety of their content and due to radio being played mainly in cars, the different people in the car could decide to tune into a different station during the next trip they take. BBC Radio are also on many different social media platforms, this means that they create more of a brand for themselves and become more trusted with the public. This means more people will decide to listen to their stations as they are reliable and will give out accurate information when it comes to things such as the news channels. The BBC can use their other media such as their news platform or social media to advertise their radio. There has been a recent article released which has named the greatest BBC Radio presenters, articles like this can help to advertise as it could make people start to listen to the BBC Radio channels instead of other radio stations in order to hear the best presenters for themselves. They also have BBC iPlayer where people can tune in to the radio on laptops and phones, this also has features such as "5 Live In Short" which is a shortened version of the radio show. This gives people a taster of the content so that they are more likely to tune into the full show.
Television - Sky TV
- Digital billboards
- Ads on TV
- Radio
- Social Media
Sky TV is a Television Company that is a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. This television company advertises their products over a range of different platforms. Sky TV uses a lot of adverts on television in order to promote their TV programs and products. They have created adverts with a range of different companies such as Disney Pixar in order to engage their audience more, including children. These help to promote both the companies and could be classes as synergy. These adverts could also be to cross promote different channels as part of Sky such as and advert for Sky Arts on Sky Atlantic and vice versa. The use of celebrities in adverts also helps to advertise the brand due to people thinking of them as a role model and someone that they can trust. Sky have digital billboards showing adverts for their programs along with print billboards as well. These are something that people will see and be intrigued by therefore making them want to watch the program to see if it is something that they would enjoy. Sky also uses social media such as Twitter and Facebook, along with a YouTube channel which holds all of the Sky adverts for different sections of the company. Due to Sky TV being a subsidiary company, there is also advertising for their programs throughout many of the other subsidiary companies that belong to 21st Century Fox such as Fox TV.
Film - The Emoji Movie
- Joint ventures (merchandise & sponsorship deals)
- Television
- Billboards
- Cinematic trailers
- Radio (interviews)
- Magazine (reviews)
- Bus billboards
The Emoji Movie is a Sony Picture Animation. They used many different types of advertising in order to get people to want to watch the film. The Emoji Movie had a range of toys that were free of charge in a McDonald's Happy Meal. This was a good form of advertising for the movie due to the target audience of the film being children, this is the age that Happy Meals are aimed at. By The Emoji Movie having the joint venture with McDonald's it would mean that children would be enticed to watch the film due to the toys and boxes being themed around the film, encouraging the kids to want to go and see it. It is also good for McDonald's as people who have already gone and seen the film may choose to go and buy their product due to there being toys based on the movie included in what they were selling. Another way in which the Emoji Movie advertised was through cinematic trailers, these are trailers that are shown in the cinema before a film of the same age certificate is shown. This means that the advert would be exposed to people of the age that the film is aimed at and therefore makes it more likely for people to go and see the film. The trailers show people a preview of what is in store for the film, this will make people want to go and actually see the movie due to them having and idea what it is about and wanting to find out the plot and the story for themselves. The film also included the voices of many celebrities such as James Corden and T.J.Miller. These stars did an interview about the movie which was a form of advertising as the celebrities tell the reasons why they wanted to be in the movie. By them doing this it makes people think that if the film is good enough for a celebrity to star in then it must be a good film to go and watch. 
Video games - GTA V- Televison
- Billboards
- Magazines (specialist genre)
- Reviews
- Social media
Grand Theft Auto Five is a video game created by the company Rockstar. They used billboards as a large part of their advertising campaign with many of them being positioned around cities, some being so big that they covered the sides of large, high story buildings.These featured the different characters in the game which would make people want to buy the game more as they would want to see these big characters which they had only seen as faces, actually in the video game. This creates publicity and draws attention the the game as it was hard to miss the advertisements and due to the scale of them is made sure that peoples eyes were drawn to them. Before the game was released, Rockstar created a social network called Lifeinvader, this was a parody of Facebook and was set in the GTA world. This allowed Rockstar to promote and publicize the new game and the things that would be possible in it. By this being a parody of a well known social media network it was humorous and therefore meant that people would share the site. This created more publicity for the company and did not cost anything. There was also the use of carefully constructed trailer campaigns which would drop hints and clues about the game and more information was reveled as time went on, This created a feeling of suspense and would encourage people to want to buy the game as they had been left on a cliffhanger only being fed so much information and therefore wanting to have a try at the game their self.
LO2: Key Terms
Advertising -
- Marketing
- Information to the audience
- Creating awareness
Distribution -
- Channel of communication
- How the product reaches the audience
- Shop purchases, downloads
Traditional -
- Pre-internet
Ident -
When a channel only advertises its own programs
Sensationalist language -
When a channel only advertises its own programs
Sensationalist language -
- Language that is exaggerated to provoke a reaction
Web 1.0 -
- 1995-2005
- couldn't comment
- no audience participation
- none interactive
- text, images
Web 2.0 -
- 2005-2012
- Youtube - 2005 none professionals put videos online
- Facebook - 2007
- More interaction
Web 3.0 -
- 2012 onwards
- Learns your preferences
- GPS tagging
- More personal
- Very interactive
Smartphones -
- Black boxes
- Links back to Jenkins
- 2005
LO1: Key Terms
Media Imperialism - One culture impose views on other cultures
Rupert Murdoch's values are repeated using different platforms. His views are shown throughout all of the different media that he uses.
Conglomerate - Made up of companies called subsidiaries. The largest media conglomerates include News Corp/ 21st Century, Warner, Viacom, CBS, Comcast, Sony, Disney company. etc.
Independent - Not owned by another company, operates and makes products by itself. Warp is n indie company
Cross Media ownership - when a company makes more than one type of media product by owning companies that make different media. The BBC is an example as it makes radio, film and TV.
Commercial - a company that makes a profit. Most companies exist to make money. Generally have sponsorships.
Public Service Broadcaster - funded by the public money. These have to make educational money. BBC and TV licence free, Channel Four also has some PSB resist. Some output entertains but they have to also educate, inform and entertain. Eastenders (entertain), News (informs) & documentaries (educate). The BBC have to cater for a range of different audiences. They need to be inclusive such as the Asian network to represent different cultures. Programs have to include and represent different ethnicities. Channel Four makes the news (to inform), real life. documentaries (to educate) & Hollyoaks (to entertain but also inform and educate). Channel Four host the Paralympics to show diversity and different minority groups.
Joint Venture - When a company works with another company. This is like WARP film and Film Four. Mutually beneficial so that both of the companies get something good out of it.
Rupert Murdoch's values are repeated using different platforms. His views are shown throughout all of the different media that he uses.
Conglomerate - Made up of companies called subsidiaries. The largest media conglomerates include News Corp/ 21st Century, Warner, Viacom, CBS, Comcast, Sony, Disney company. etc.
Independent - Not owned by another company, operates and makes products by itself. Warp is n indie company
Cross Media ownership - when a company makes more than one type of media product by owning companies that make different media. The BBC is an example as it makes radio, film and TV.
Commercial - a company that makes a profit. Most companies exist to make money. Generally have sponsorships.
Public Service Broadcaster - funded by the public money. These have to make educational money. BBC and TV licence free, Channel Four also has some PSB resist. Some output entertains but they have to also educate, inform and entertain. Eastenders (entertain), News (informs) & documentaries (educate). The BBC have to cater for a range of different audiences. They need to be inclusive such as the Asian network to represent different cultures. Programs have to include and represent different ethnicities. Channel Four makes the news (to inform), real life. documentaries (to educate) & Hollyoaks (to entertain but also inform and educate). Channel Four host the Paralympics to show diversity and different minority groups.
Joint Venture - When a company works with another company. This is like WARP film and Film Four. Mutually beneficial so that both of the companies get something good out of it.
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